Medieval make do and mend
Annette Kehnel explores medieval sustainability – from the period's booming repair market to the widespread use of second-hand building materials

The medieval approach to sustainability was entirely different to ours today. In a world where the modern definition of 'waste' didn't even exist, the repair market boomed and building materials were rarely brand new. Speaking to Annette Kehnel, Lauren Good discovers what we might be able to learn from our medieval ancestors – from second-hand shopping to the history of paper manufacturing.
Annette Kehnel is the author of The Green Ages: Medieval Innovations in Sustainability (Profile Books, 2024).
Authors

Lauren Good is the digital content producer at HistoryExtra. She joined the team in 2022 after completing an MA in Creative Writing, and she holds a first-class degree in English and Classical Studies.