20th Century

From transfusions of lambs’ blood to tooth replacements, Paul Craddock chronicles the strange history of transplant surgery

Transplant surgery: an eye-opening history

Politicians in suits discuss the Paris Peace Treaty inside the Palace of Versailles

The Paris Peace Conference: everything you wanted to know

On this day_Numbers18

18 September

Vanguard-class submarine HMS Vigilant, the top above water

Britain’s nuclear deterrent: a brief history

Dancers in a nightclub

Aids: the epidemic that changed Britain

An Israeli pilot after the raid on Entebbe

Operation Thunderbolt: Was the 1976 ‘raid on Entebbe’ a brilliant rescue?

Charlie English discusses what an extraordinary art collection reveals about Nazism’s impact on modernist art and people with mental illnesses. (Image by Getty Images)

Hitler’s war on “degenerate art”

A 'teacher' in Milgram's study is instructed to administer an electric shock to a 'learner'.

Experiments in evil: the shocking efforts to understand the atrocities of the Holocaust

Allied convoy PQ 17 is attacked by a German torpedo aircraft on its way across the Arctic Ocean, c1942. (Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Second World War

“The worst journey in the world”: the Arctic convoys of the Second World War

Richard Broome explores the experiences of Aboriginal Australians after the arrival of white settlers in the 1780s. (Image by Getty Images)

Aboriginal Australians: a modern history

US secretary of state William Seward (seated left) signs the agreement to buy Alaska from Russia in 1867

America’s hidden empire: the USA’s forgotten imperial expansion

Margalit Fox shares the story of two British prisoners of war who used a ouija board to launch an escape bid during the First World War

First World War

Seances, skis and secrets: an extraordinary WWI escape

Saul David discusses his new history of the Special Boat Service – a daring maritime unit that played a crucial role in Allied victory in WW2.

Second World War

The Special Boat Service: WW2’s silent heroes

Soldiers disembark a landing craft with a battle on the beach beyond

How to win a 20th-century battle

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Japanese boats approaching a 'black ship' of US Commodore Matthew C Perry. His arrival in Japan in 1853 forcibly introduced the modern west to the semi-self-isolated island nation (Universal History Archive/Getty Images)

From Meiji to modernity: how Japan reinvented itself through the 20th century